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此处简单的记录一下在 oracle中如何使用plsql语法,记录一些简单的例子,防止以后忘记。
2、变量的声明declare -- 声明变量 v_name varchar2(20); -- 此变量由 select into 赋值 v_man_sex number; -- v_sex 变量的类型和 student表中的 sex 字段的类型一致 v_sex student.sex%TYPE; -- v_row 中保存的是 student表中的一整行字段, 也可以是游标中的一整行 v_row student%rowtype; -- 声明变量并赋值 v_addr varchar2(100) := "湖北省"; -- 声明日期变量 v_date date := sysdate;-- 定义一个记录类型 type STUDENT_INFO is record ( student_id student.student_id%TYPE, student_name student.student_name%TYPE ); -- 定义基于记录的嵌套表 type nested_student_info is table of STUDENT_INFO; -- 声明变量 student_list nested_student_info;begin -- 直接赋值 v_name := "直接赋值"; v_date := to_date("2023-12-12", "yyyy-mm-dd"); -- 单个字段语句赋值 select count(*) into v_man_sex from student where sex = 1; -- 多个字段赋值 select student_name,sex into v_name,v_sex from student where student_id = "S003"; -- 获取一行数据 ( 此处需要查询出所有的字段,否则可能报错 ) select student_id,student_name,sex,CREATE_TIME into v_row from student where student_id = "S002"; -- 打印输出 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("日期:" || v_date || "姓名:" || v_name || "," || v_row.STUDENT_NAME || " 男生人数:" || v_man_sex || " 地址:" || v_addr );end;
3、if 判断统计总共有多少个学生,并进行if判断。
declare -- 声明一个变量,记录有多少个学生 v_student_count number;begin -- 给 v_student_count 变量赋值 select count(*) into v_student_count from student; -- 执行if判断 if v_student_count > 3 then DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("当前学生数为: [" || v_student_count || "]>3"); elsif v_student_count >=2 then DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("当前学生数为: [" || v_student_count || "] in [2,3]"); else DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("当前学生数为: [" || v_student_count || "]<2"); end if;end;
4、case-- casedeclare -- 声明一个变量,记录有多少个学生 v_student_count number;begin -- 给 v_student_count 变量赋值 select count(*) into v_student_count from student; -- 执行if判断 case when v_student_count > 3 then DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("当前学生数为: [" || v_student_count || "]>3"); when v_student_count >=2 then DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("当前学生数为: [" || v_student_count || "] in [2,3]"); else DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("当前学生数为: [" || v_student_count || "]<2"); end case;end;
5、循环输出1到100
declare -- 定义一个变量并赋值 v_count number := 1;begin loop -- 提出条件 exit when v_count > 100; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("当前 count = " || v_count); -- v_count 加1 v_count := v_count + 1; end loop;end;
2、while 循环-- while 循环declare -- 定义一个变量并赋值 v_count number := 1;begin while v_count <= 100 loop DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("当前 count = " || v_count); -- v_count 加1 v_count := v_count + 1; end loop;end;
3、for循环-- for 循环declare -- 定义一个变量 v_count number;begin for v_count in 1..100 loop DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("当前 count = " || v_count); end loop;end;
6、游标1、无参数的游标-- 游标declare -- 声明一个游标 cursor cur_student is select student_id,student_name,sex from student; -- 声明变量 row_cur_student cur_student%rowtype;begin -- 打开游标 open cur_student; -- 遍历数据 loop -- 获取一行数据 fetch cur_student into row_cur_student; -- 退出 exit when cur_student%NOTFOUND; -- 执行业务逻辑(此句如果移动到exit when上方,则可能会多打印一句) DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("studentId:" || row_cur_student.STUDENT_ID || " studentName:" || row_cur_student.STUDENT_NAME); end loop; -- 关闭游标 close cur_student;end;
2、带参数的游标declare -- 声明一个游标, 需要传递v_student_id参数 cursor cur_student(v_student_id student.student_id%TYPE) is select student_id,student_name,sex from student where student_id = v_student_id; -- 声明变量 row_cur_student cur_student%rowtype; -- 此变量通过查询获取值,然后带到游标中 v_query_student_id student.student_id%TYPE;begin -- 打开游标 --参数传递方式一: open cur_student("S001"); -- 参数传递方式二: select "S001" into v_query_student_id from dual; open cur_student(v_query_student_id); -- 遍历数据 loop -- 获取一行数据 fetch cur_student into row_cur_student; -- 退出 exit when cur_student%NOTFOUND; -- 执行业务逻辑(此句如果移动到exit when上方,则可能会多打印一句) DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("studentId:" || row_cur_student.STUDENT_ID || " studentName:" || row_cur_student.STUDENT_NAME); end loop; -- 关闭游标 close cur_student;end;
7、执行ddl dml需要放到 execute immediate
中执行,否则会报错。
declare v_table_name varchar2(20) := "student_bak"; -- 拼接一个动态SQL v_sql varchar2(100);begin execute immediate "create table student_bak as select * from student"; execute immediate "alter table student_bak add new_cloumn varchar2(20)"; -- 带变量的执行 v_sql := "drop table " || v_table_name; execute immediate v_sql;end;
8、存储过程1、无参数的存储过程-- 无参数的存储过程create or replace procedure sp_print_all_studentis -- 声明一个游标 cursor c_all_student is select student_id,student_name from student; -- 声明一个变量 row_student c_all_student%rowtype;begin -- 循环游标 for row_student in c_all_student loop DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(row_student.STUDENT_ID || " " || row_student.STUDENT_NAME); end loop;end;-- 调用begin SP_PRINT_ALL_STUDENT();end;
2、有输入输出参数的存储过程-- 有参数的存储过程create or replace procedure sp_find_student(/** 输入参数 */ i_student_id in student.student_id%TYPE, /** 输出参数 */ o_student_name out student.student_name%TYPE)IS -- 定义变量并赋值 v_student_id varchar2(64) := i_student_id;begin DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("v_student_id:" || v_student_id); -- 将查询到的 student_name 赋值到 o_student_name select student_name into o_student_name from student where student_id = i_student_id;end;declare -- 定义一个变量用于接收存储过程的返回值 output_student_name student.student_name%TYPE;begin sp_find_student("S001", output_student_name); -- 输出存储过程的返回值 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(output_student_name);end;
3、merge into 的使用存在更新,不存在插入。
create or replace procedure sp_merge_into(i_student_id in varchar2)ISbegin -- 如果 using 中查询出来的数据,通过 on 条件匹配的话,则更新 student_bak表,否则插入student_bak表 merge into STUDENT_BAK t using (select * from student where student_id = i_student_id) s on ( t.student_id = s.student_id ) when matched then update set -- t.STUDENT_ID = s.STUDENT_ID, on中的条件不可更新 t.STUDENT_NAME = s.STUDENT_NAME, t.SEX = s.SEX, t.CREATE_TIME = s.CREATE_TIME when not matched then insert(student_id, student_name, create_time) values ( s.STUDENT_ID, s.STUDENT_NAME, s.CREATE_TIME ); commit ;end;
4、测试异常create or replace procedure sp_errorIS v_num number;begin DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("测试异常"); -- 产生异常 v_num := 1 / 0; exception -- 存储过程异常 when too_many_rows then dbms_output.put_line("返回值多于1行"); when others then -- 异常处理方法,可以是打印错误,然后进行回滚等操作,下面操作一样,看自己情况决定 rollback; dbms_output.put_line("错误码:" ||sqlcode); dbms_output.put_line("异常信息:" || substr(sqlerrm, 1, 512));end;begin sp_error();end;
5、bulk into & record1、select into 中使用 bulk into & recordcreate or replace procedure sp_bulk_collect_01IS -- 定义一个记录类型 type STUDENT_INFO is record ( student_id student.student_id%TYPE, student_name student.student_name%TYPE ); -- 定义基于记录的嵌套表 type nested_student_info is table of STUDENT_INFO; -- 声明变量 student_list nested_student_info;begin -- 使用 bulk collect into 将所获取的结果集一次性绑定到记录变量 student_list 中 select student_id,student_name bulk collect into student_list from student;-- 遍历 for i in student_list.first .. student_list.last loop DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("studentId:" || student_list(i).student_id || " studentName:" || student_list(i).student_name); end loop;end;begin sp_bulk_collect_01;end;
2、fetch into 中使用 bulk into & forall-- bulk collectcreate or replace procedure sp_bulk_collect_02IS -- 定义一个游标 cursor cur_student is select student_id,student_name,sex,create_time from student; -- 定义基于游标的嵌套表 type nested_student_info is table of cur_student%rowtype; -- 声明变量 student_list nested_student_info;begin -- 打开游标 open cur_student; loop -- 一次获取2条数据插入到 student_list 中 fetch cur_student bulk collect into student_list limit 2; -- 退出 --exit when student_list%notfound; 不可使用这种方式 exit when student_list.count = 0; -- 输出 for i in student_list.first .. student_list.last loop DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("studentId:" || student_list(i).student_id || " studentName:" || student_list(i).student_name); end loop; -- 使用 forall 更新数据, 可以将多个dml语句批量发送给SQL引擎,提高执行效率。 forall i in student_list.first .. student_list.last update student set student_name = student_list(i).STUDENT_NAME || "_update" where student_id = student_list(i).STUDENT_ID; commit ; end loop; -- 关闭游标 close cur_student;end;begin sp_bulk_collect_02;end;
6、接收数组参数-- 创建StudentIdList数组的长度是4,每一项最多存20个字符create or replace type StudentIdList as varray(4) of varchar2(20);-- 创建存储过程,接收数组参数create or replace procedure sp_param_list(studentIdList in StudentIdList)isbegin for i in 1..studentIdList.COUNT loop DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("studentId:" || studentIdList(i)); end loop;end;declare begin sp_param_list(STUDENTIDLIST("d","c","S001","S0021222222222233"));end;
7、接收数组对象,并将数组对象转换成表使用-- 创建数据库对象create or replace type StudentInfo is object( studentId varchar2(64), studentName varchar2(64));-- 创建数组对象create or replace type StudentInfoArr as table of StudentInfo;-- 创建存储过程create or replace procedure sp_param_list_02(arr in StudentInfoArr)is -- 声明一个变量,记录传递进来的arr的数量 v_student_count number := 0;begin -- 传递进来的数组转换成使用 select count(*) into v_student_count from table(cast(arr AS StudentInfoArr)) where studentId like "S%"; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("传递进来学生学号以S开头的学生有: " || v_student_count || "个"); -- 输出列表参数 for i in 1..arr.COUNT loop DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("studentId:" || arr(i).studentId || " studentName:" || arr(i).studentName); end loop;end;declarebegin sp_param_list_02(arr => StudentInfoArr(StudentInfo("S001","张三"),StudentInfo("S002","李四")));end;
8、返回多个参数create or replace procedure sp_return_value(stuInfoList out Sys_Refcursor)ISbegin open stuInfoList for select STUDENT_ID,STUDENT_NAME,SEX from STUDENT;end;declare stu Sys_Refcursor; v_student_id STUDENT.STUDENT_ID%TYPE; v_student_name STUDENT.STUDENT_NAME%TYPE; v_sex STUDENT.SEX%TYPE;begin SP_RETURN_VALUE( stu); loop fetch stu into v_student_id,v_student_name,v_sex; exit when stu%notfound; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("studentId:" || v_student_id || " studentName: " || v_student_name); end loop; end;
9、程序包 package1、定义包头包头
可以简单的理解java
中的接口。
create or replace package pkg_huan as v_pkg_name varchar2(30) := "pkg_huan"; function add(param1 in number, param2 in number) return number; procedure sp_pkg_01; procedure sp_pkg_02(param1 in varchar2);end pkg_huan;
2、实现包体包体
可以简单的理解java
中的实现接口
的类。
create or replace package body pkg_huan as -- 实现function function add(param1 in number, param2 in number) return number IS begin return param1 + param2; end; -- 实现无参数的存储过程 procedure sp_pkg_01 as begin DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("package name:" || v_pkg_name || "procedure name: sp_pkg_01"); end; -- 实现有参数的存储过程 procedure sp_pkg_02(param1 in varchar2) as begin DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("param1:" || param1); end;end;
3、调用包中的方法或存储过程begin -- 调用方法 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("1+2=" || PKG_HUAN.add(1,2)); -- 调用无参数的存储过程 PKG_HUAN.sp_pkg_01(); -- 调用有参数的存储过程 PKG_HUAN.sp_pkg_02(12);end;
10、参考链接1、http://www.cis.famu.edu/support/10g/Oracle_Database_10g/doc/appdev.102/b14261/objects.htm